Titanium alloy yog hais txog ntau yam hlau alloy uas ua los ntawm titanium thiab lwm yam hlau. Titanium yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov hlau tsim nyob rau hauv 1950s. Titanium alloy muaj lub zog siab, zoo corrosion kuj thiab kub ua hauj. Nyob rau xyoo 1950 thiab 1960, lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb yog nyob rau hauv kev txhim kho cov kub kub titanium alloys rau aircraft xyaw thiab structural titanium alloys rau aircraft lub cev.
Ib tug xov tooj ntawm corrosion-resistant titanium alloys tau tsim nyob rau hauv 1970s. Txij li thaum xyoo 1980s, corrosion-resistant titanium alloys thiab high-strength titanium alloys tau tsim ntxiv. Titanium alloys feem ntau yog siv los ua lub dav hlau cav compressor qhov chaw, ua raws li cov foob pob hluav taws, missiles thiab high-speed aircraft structural qhov chaw.
Titanium yog ib hom hlau tshiab. Nws cov khoom muaj feem xyuam rau cov ntsiab lus impurity ntawm carbon, nitrogen, hydrogen, oxygen, thiab lwm yam. Lub purest titanium iodide muaj ib tug impurity ntsiab lus tsis ntau tshaj 0.1%, tab sis nws lub zog yog tsawg thiab nws plasticity yog siab. . Cov khoom ntawm 99.5% kev lag luam ntshiab titanium yog: ceevρ =4.5g/cm 3, melting point 1725 degree, thermal conductivityλ =15.24W/(mK), tensile zog σb=539MPa, elongation δ=25%, seem shrinkage ψ=25%, elastic modulus E=1. 078 × 105MPa, hardness HB195.
siab zog
Kev sib piv cov lus ntawm ntau cov khoom siv hlau
Qhov ceev ntawm titanium alloy feem ntau yog nyob ib ncig ntawm 4.51g / cm3, uas tsuas yog 60% ntawm cov hlau. Qee qhov muaj zog titanium alloys siab tshaj lub zog ntawm ntau cov qauv hlau alloy. Yog li ntawd, lub zog tshwj xeeb (lub zog / qhov ntom) ntawm titanium alloy yog ntau dua li ntawm lwm cov khoom siv hlau, thiab cov khoom siv siab zog, zoo rigidity thiab lub teeb yuag tuaj yeem ua tau. Cov khoom siv dav hlau dav hlau, thav duab, tawv nqaij, fasteners thiab tsaws iav txhua yam siv titanium alloys.
Siab thermal zog
Kev siv kub yog ntau pua degrees siab dua li ntawm aluminium alloy . Nws tseem tuaj yeem tuav lub zog xav tau ntawm qhov kub nruab nrab thiab tuaj yeem ua haujlwm ntev ntawm 450-500 degree . Ob hom titanium alloys tseem muaj lub zog tshwj xeeb hauv thaj tsam ntawm 150 degree txog 500 degree, thaum lub zog tshwj xeeb ntawm aluminium alloy txo qis ntawm 150 degree. Kev ua haujlwm kub ntawm titanium alloy tuaj yeem ncav cuag 500 degree, thaum lub aluminium alloy qis dua 200 degree.
Zoo corrosion kuj
Titanium alloys ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv huab cua ntub thiab dej hiav txwv, thiab lawv cov corrosion kuj zoo dua li cov hlau tsis muaj steel. Lawv tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tiv taus pitting, acid corrosion, thiab kev nyuaj siab corrosion. Lawv muaj corrosion kuj zoo heev rau alkali, chloride, chlorine organic tshuaj, nitric acid, sulfuric acid, thiab lwm yam. Txawm li cas los xij, titanium tsis zoo corrosion kuj los txo oxygen thiab chromium ntsev media.
Kev ua haujlwm kub tsis zoo
mechanical zog ntawm qis thiab ultra-tsawg kub. Titanium alloys uas muaj qhov kub thiab txias tsis tshua muaj cov ntsiab lus sib txawv, xws li TA7, tseem tuaj yeem tuav tau qee yam plasticity ntawm -253 degree . Yog li ntawd, titanium alloys kuj yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob qis.
Cov tshuaj lom neeg ua haujlwm siab
Titanium alloy cov khoom
Titanium muaj cov tshuaj ua haujlwm siab thiab ua rau muaj zog nrog O 2 , N 2 , H 2 , CO , CO 2 , dej vapor, ammonia, thiab lwm yam hauv huab cua. Thaum cov ntsiab lus carbon ntau dua 0.2%, TiC nyuaj yuav tsim nyob rau hauv titanium alloy; thaum kub siab, nws tseem yuav tsim ib txheej txheej tawv tawv TiN thaum nws hnov mob nrog N; saum toj no 600 degree, titanium absorbs oxygen los ua ib txheej tawv tawv nrog siab hardness; Thaum cov ntsiab lus hydrogen nce, ib txheej nkig kuj yuav raug tsim. Cov txheej txheej tawv thiab nkig uas tsim los ntawm kev nqus roj tuaj yeem ncav cuag qhov tob ntawm 0.1 txog 0.15 hli, thiab qib hardening yog 20% mus rau 30%. Titanium kuj muaj cov tshuaj lom neeg muaj txiaj ntsig zoo thiab nws yooj yim rau adhesion rau qhov sib txhuam nto.
Tsawg thermal conductivity
siv
Titanium alloy muaj lub zog siab thiab qhov ntom ntom, cov khoom siv zoo, zoo toughness thiab corrosion kuj. Tsis tas li ntawd, titanium alloy muaj cov txheej txheem tsis zoo, kev txiav nyuaj, thiab yooj yim heev rau nqus cov impurities xws li hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen thiab carbon thaum ua haujlwm kub. Nws kuj muaj kev hnav tsis zoo thiab cov txheej txheem ntau lawm. Kev lag luam tsim khoom ntawm titanium pib hauv xyoo 1948. Cov kev xav tau ntawm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm kev lag luam aviation tau ua rau kev loj hlob ntawm titanium kev lag luam ntawm qhov nruab nrab txhua xyoo kev loj hlob ntawm kwv yees li 8%. Kev tsim tawm txhua xyoo ntawm titanium alloy ua cov ntaub ntawv hauv ntiaj teb tau mus txog ntau dua 40, 000 tons, thiab muaj ze li ntawm 30 qib titanium alloy. Feem ntau siv titanium alloys yog Ti-6Al-4V (TC4), Ti-5Al-2.5Sn (TA7) thiab industrial ntshiab titanium (TA1, TA2 thiab TA3). Titanium alloys feem ntau yog siv los ua lub dav hlau lub cav compressor qhov chaw, ua raws li cov foob pob hluav taws, missiles thiab high-speed aircraft structural qhov chaw. Nyob rau nruab nrab -1960s, titanium thiab nws cov alloys tau siv dav hauv kev lag luam los ua cov khoom siv hluav taws xob rau kev lag luam electrolytic, condensers rau cov chaw nres tsheb fais fab, cov cua sov rau cov roj refining thiab seawater desalination, thiab ib puag ncig cov pa phem. Titanium thiab nws cov alloys tau dhau los ua cov khoom siv corrosion-resistant. Nws kuj tseem siv los tsim cov khoom siv hydrogen cia thiab cov duab nco alloys.
