HB, HV, HRC Hardness

Hardness yog ib qho kev ntsuas ntawm lub peev xwm ntawm cov khoom siv hlau los tiv thaiv raug nias los yog etched los ntawm lub zog sab nraud, thiab yog ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm cov khoom siv hlau. Kev ntsuam xyuas hardness yog ib txoj hauv kev nrawm tshaj plaws, kev lag luam thiab kev sim yooj yim los ntsuas cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ntawm cov hlau. Kev ntsuas hardness tuaj yeem cuam tshuam qhov sib txawv ntawm cov khoom ntawm cov khoom siv hlau hauv cov khoom sib txawv ntawm cov tshuaj sib txawv, cov qauv tsim thiab cov txheej txheem kev kho cua sov, yog li nws tau siv dav hauv kev tshuaj xyuas cov khoom siv hlau, kev saib xyuas cov txheej txheem kho cua sov thiab kev tsim kho tshiab. cov ntaub ntawv.

Brinell hardness

Nws yog ua tiav los ntawm nias lub pob Quenching steel pob lossis carbide pob ntawm txoj kab uas hla D mus rau saum npoo ntawm cov khoom siv hlau los ntsuas nrog lub nra P ntawm qee qhov loj, tuav nws rau qee lub sijhawm thiab tom qab ntawd tshem tawm cov load. Qhov piv ntawm qhov load P mus rau thaj tsam ntawm qhov indentation F yog Brinell hardness tus nqi, qhia tias yog HB. Brinell hardness qhov tseem ceeb yog feem ntau qhia nyob rau hauv kilograms ntawm quab yuam / mm² (N / mm²), tab sis nyob rau hauv kev xyaum lawv kuj yog feem ntau siv raws li HBW los yog HBS.

1 txoj kev ntsuas

Cov xwm txheej xeem: qhov ntsuas qhov ntsuas thiab lub cheeb ntawm lub pob ntsuas steel yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab raws li qhov ua tau zoo ntawm cov khoom siv. Cov khoom siv sib xyaw ua ke thiab cov pob steel taub muaj cov qauv ruaj khov kom haum rau qhov kev sim hardness ntawm cov khoom sib txawv.

Kev ntsuas cov txheej txheem: Cov khoom yuav tsum tau kuaj yog thawj zaug muab tso rau ntawm hardness tester, thiab tom qab ntawd indentation test yog nqa tawm nrog cov xaiv load thiab steel pob. Tom qab tuav rau ib lub sij hawm, lub load raug tshem tawm thiab lub cheeb ntawm indentation yog ntsuas.

Kev suav hardness: Raws li txoj kab uas hla ntawm qhov indentation, Brinell hardness tus nqi tuaj yeem xam los ntawm cov qauv lossis los ntawm kev saib lub rooj.

2 Daim ntawv thov

Brinell hardness tester feem ntau yog siv rau kev txiav txim siab hardness ntawm cam khwb cia hlau, hlau, tsis-ferrous hlau thiab mos alloys thiab lwm yam ntaub ntawv.

Nws yog dav siv hauv metallurgy, forging, hluav taws xob fais fab, roj av machinery, tsheb ciav hlau, tsheb, khoom siv tub rog, chaw soj nstuam, tsev kawm qib siab thiab tsev kawm qib siab thiab kev tshawb fawb tshawb fawb.

3 txoj kev qhia

Brinell hardness cim nrog HBS lossis HBW. HBS qhia tias lub indenter yog hardened steel pob, siv rau kev txiav txim ntawm Brinell hardness nqi ntawm 450 hauv qab cov khoom; HBW qhia tias qhov indenter yog cemented carbide, siv rau kev txiav txim siab ntawm Brinell hardness tus nqi ntawm 650 hauv qab cov khoom.

Kev nthuav qhia: tus lej ua ntej HBS lossis HBW yog tus nqi hardness, ua raws li cov lej txhawm rau txhawm rau ntsuas cov xwm txheej, suav nrog txoj kab uas hla ntawm lub pob ntawm indenter, qhov ntsuas qhov ntsuas thiab ntsuas lub sijhawm tuav (10 ~ 15s tsis cim) . Piv txwv li, 170HBS10/1000/30 qhia tias Brinell hardness tus nqi ntawm 170 ntsuas nrog ib lub pob steel ntawm 10mm txoj kab uas hla, tuav rau 30s nyob rau hauv ib tug xeem load ntawm 9807 N (1000 kg.).

Vickers Hardness

Vickers hardness, qhia los ntawm lub cim HV, yog British Smith (Robert L. Smith) thiab Sedland (George E. Sandland) nyob rau hauv 1921 nyob rau hauv lub tuam txhab Vickers (Vickers Ltd) tau thov. Nws siv lub kaum sab xis ntawm tus txheeb ze ntawm 136 degrees ntawm lub pob zeb diamond zoo prismatic cone indenter, nyob rau hauv cov kev cai ntawm lub load F nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim ntawm siab mus rau hauv lub xeem qauv nto, khaws ib tug tej lub sij hawm ntawm lub sij hawm tom qab unloading, ntsuas lub indentation kab pheeb ces kaum ntev d , thiab tom qab ntawd xam qhov chaw saum npoo ntawm qhov indentation, thiab thaum kawg tawm ntawm qhov indentation ntawm qhov nruab nrab siab ntawm qhov chaw ntawm qhov hardness ntawm cov hlau Vickers tus nqi.

1 Txoj kev ntsuas

Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb ntsuas, tsis tas yuav tsum tau nqa tawm complex xam, tab sis raws li qhov ntsuas kab pheeb ces kaum ntev ntawm lub indentation d nqi, ncaj qha mus saib lub rooj kom tau qhov ntsuas hardness nqi.

Feem ntau siv Vickers hardness tester load ntau ntawm 49.03 ~ 980.7N, haum rau workpieces loj thiab tob txheej txheej hardness txiav txim.

Rau kev txiav txim siab ntawm qhov hardness ntawm lub thinner workpiece, cov cuab yeej nto los yog plating txheej, koj tuaj yeem siv lub me me load Vickers hardness, kuaj load ntawm 1.961 ~ 49.03N.

Micro Vickers hardness yog haum rau kev tsom xam microscopic.

2 Kev Sawv Cev

Vickers hardness tus nqi ntawm tus qauv qauv qhia xHVy, qhov twg x sawv cev rau Vickers hardness tus nqi, y sawv cev rau kev ntsuas ntawm tus nqi thauj khoom siv (unit: kg force). Piv txwv li, 185HV5 hardness tus nqi ntawm 185, qhov ntsuas ntawm tus nqi thauj khoom siv rau 5 kg quab yuam.

3 Kev siv ntau yam

Vickers hardness tester muaj ntau yam kev siv, tuaj yeem ntsuas yuav luag txhua cov ntaub ntawv hlau siv hauv kev lag luam, los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv muag heev mus rau cov ntaub ntawv nyuaj heev. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws tseem tuaj yeem siv rau kev ntsuas hardness ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ceramic, yas thiab roj hmab, cov ntaub ntawv cardboard thiab lwm yam.

4 Cov qauv xav tau

Qhov saum npoo ntawm cov qauv yuav tsum du thiab tiaj, tsis muaj oxide daim tawv nqaij, khib nyiab thiab roj.

Feem ntau, Vickers hardness specimen deg roughness parameter Ra tsis ntau dua {{{0}}}.40μm, me me load Vickers hardness specimen tsis ntau tshaj 0.20μm, micro Vickers hardness specimen tsis yog ntau tshaj 0.10μm.

Rockwell hardness

Rockwell hardness yog qhov ntsuas los txiav txim siab tus nqi hardness los ntawm qhov tob ntawm indentation yas deformation. Nws siv cov kev cai tshwj xeeb ntawm lub indenter (pob zeb diamond cone, steel pob lossis tungsten carbide pob) nias rau saum npoo ntawm cov qauv hauv ob kauj ruam, thiab ntsuas qhov tob ntawm indentation residual qhov tob h los sawv cev lub hardness.

1 txoj kev ntsuas indenter thiab xeem quab yuam

Rockwell hardness test siv peb hom indenter (pob zeb diamond cone thiab ob txoj kab uas hla ntawm steel pob) thiab peb hom kev xeem quab yuam (60kg, 100kg, 150kg). Cov kev sib txuas no sib raug rau Rockwell hardness ntawm cuaj nplai, uas yog, HRA, HRB, HRC, HRD, HRE, HRF, HRG, HRH, HRK. nto Rockwell hardness test siv ob lub indenter thiab peb qhov kev xeem me me (15kg, 30kg, 45kg), sib npaug rau rau qhov ntsuas.

2 Hardness tus nqi xam

Rockwell hardness tus nqi yog xam los ntawm cov qauv hauv qab no: N- tas li (rau qhov sib txawv, N yuav siv 100 lossis 130); h-residual indentation qhov tob, mm; S-constant (rau Rockwell hardness, S=0.002mm; rau nto Rockwell hardness, S=0.001mm).

3 Yam ntxwv

Qhov zoo: Rockwell hardness test yog yooj yim thiab ceev, qhov indentation yog me me, kev txiav txim siab ntawm ntau yam, muaj feem xyuam rau feem ntau cov ntaub ntawv hlau.

Disadvantages: cov neeg sawv cev tsis zoo, cov ntaub ntawv rov ua dua tsis zoo, tsis siv rau lub koom haum ntawm cov khoom siv tsis sib xws lossis cov khoom nyias nyias thiab cov txheej txheej tawv tawv.

4 Daim ntawv thov

Rockwell hardness test feem ntau yog siv rau cov ntaub ntawv uas muaj siab hardness, xws li quenching steel, cam khwb cia hlau, thiab lwm yam.

Peb cov nplais siv feem ntau yog HRA, HRB thiab HRC, uas haum rau cov khoom sib txawv hardness.

Kev xaiv cov nplai hardness

HRA: Siv rau cov ntaub ntawv uas muaj zog dua, xws li steel ntawv, cemented carbide, nrog 60kg load thiab pob zeb diamond cone indenter.

HRB: Siv rau cov khoom siv nrog qis hardness, xws li cov hlau mos, cov hlau tsis muaj hlau, cov hlau tsis muaj hlau, thiab lwm yam, nrog rau 100kg load thiab 1.5875mm inch hardened steel pob.

HRC: Rau cov ntaub ntawv uas muaj zog dua, xws li Quenching steel, cam khwb cia hlau, thiab lwm yam, siv 150kg load thiab pob zeb diamond cone indenter.

Los ntawm kev xaiv qhov tsim nyog ua ke ntawm indenter thiab kev sim quab yuam, Rockwell hardness test tuaj yeem muab qhov tseeb hardness qhov tseem ceeb, muab lub hauv paus tseem ceeb rau kev xaiv cov khoom thiab kev tswj kom zoo.