01 Txheej txheem cej luam
Ib tug cab iav tsav muaj ib
worm thiab cab cab, siv los xa cov lus tsa suab thiab lub zog ntawm kev sib tshuam shafts, feem ntau nrog lub kaum sab xis ntawm 90 degree. Nyob rau hauv dav dav worm gear drives, worm yog tus tsav tsheb.
Nyob rau hauv tsos, tus cab zoo li lub ntsia liaj qhov rooj, thaum lub log log yog zoo ib yam li ib tug helical cylindrical iav.
Thaum lub sij hawm ua hauj lwm, cov hniav ntawm cov cab cab swb thiab yob raws helical nto ntawm tus cab.
Tus cab yog ib lub iav nrog ib los yog ntau dua helical cov hniav uas meshes nrog lub log cab los ua ib tug hla -axis iav khub. Nws lub suab nto tuaj yeem yog cylindrical, conical, lossis toroidal.
Muaj plaub hom: Archimedean worm, involute worm, ib txwm ncaj-profile worm, thiab conical enveloping cylindrical worm.
Zoo li cov xov, cov kab cab tau muab faib ua txoj cai- tes thiab sab laug- tes hom, hu ua txoj cai - tes worms thiab sab laug - tes worms, raws li.
Txhawm rau txhim kho kev sib cuag ntawm cov hniav, lub log worm yog ua rau hauv cov duab arc raws tus hniav dav kev taw qhia, kom nws ib nrab ntawm cov cab. Qhov no ua rau muaj kev sib cuag ntawm cov cab cab thiab cab cab thaum lub sij hawm meshing, es tsis yog taw tes.
02 Qhov zoo ntawm Worm Gear Drives
✦ Loj ib zaug - theem sib kis, feem ntau kuv=10~ 100. Hauv indexing mechanisms rau kev xa hluav taws xob, nws tuaj yeem ncav cuag tshaj 1500.
✦ Lub meshing yog kab sib txuas, tso cai rau nws tiv taus lub zog ntau dua.
✦ Compact qauv, du kis tau tus mob, thiab tsis muaj suab nrov.
✦ Thaum lub kaum sab xis ntawm cov cab cab tsawg dua qhov sib npaug ntawm qhov sib npaug ntawm cov iav, nws muaj nws tus kheej -locking zog nyob rau hauv txoj kev rov qab, txhais tau hais tias tus cab cab tuaj yeem tsav lub log cab, tab sis lub log cab tsis tuaj yeem tsav cov cab cab.
03 Disadvantages of Worm Gear Drives
✦ Txij li thaum ob lub shafts yog perpendicular thiab nodal kab nrawm ntawm ob lub zog yog perpendicular, tus txheeb ze zawv zawg ceev yog siab heev, ua rau kub tiam thiab hnav.
✦ Tsawg efficiency, feem ntau 0.7 ~ 0.8; worm gears nrog tus kheej -cov khoom xauv muaj qhov ua haujlwm qis dua, feem ntau tsawg dua 0.5.
04 Kev suav cov qauv rau cov cab iav thiab cov cab
1. Kev sib kis tus lej=Tus naj npawb ntawm cov kab laum iav hniav ÷ Tus naj npawb ntawm cov kab cab
2. Qhov Nruab Nrab Nruab Nrab=(Npaj iav Pitch Diameter + Worm Pitch Diameter) ÷ 2
3. Kab laum iav sab nraud txoj kab uas hla=(Tus naj npawb ntawm cov hniav + 2) × Module
4. Kab laum Gear Pitch Diameter=Module × Tus naj npawb ntawm cov hniav
5. Worm Pitch Diameter=Worm Sab Nraud Diameter - 2 × Module
6. Worm Lead=π × Module × Number of Threads
7. Helix Angle (Lead Angle) tgB=(Module × Number of Threads) ÷ Worm Pitch Diameter
8. Worm Lead=π × Module × Number of Threads
9. Module=Pitch Circle Diameter / Tus naj npawb ntawm cov hniav
Tus nab npawb ntawm cov xov kab: Ib leeg- xov worm (tsuas yog ib txoj kab helical ntawm tus cab, txhais tau hais tias tus cab rotates ib lub kiv puag ncig, thiab cov cab iav tig ib tus hniav); Muab ob npaug - xov worm (ob kab helical ntawm tus cab, txhais tau hais tias tus cab tig ib lub kiv puag ncig, thiab cov cab iav tig ob lub hniav).
Lub module hais txog qhov loj ntawm cov kab helical ntawm cov ntsia hlau; qhov loj dua qhov module, qhov loj dua cov kab helical ntawm cov ntsia hlau.
Txoj kab uas hla coefficient yog hais txog lub thickness ntawm cov ntsia hlau.
Module: Lub suab lub voj voog ntawm lub iav yog lub hauv paus rau kev tsim thiab xam qhov ntev ntawm ntau qhov chaw ntawm lub iav. Qhov ncig ntawm lub iav lub voj voog=πd=zp, yog li lub suab lub voj voog txoj kab uas hla yog
d = z p/π
Txij li π yog tus lej irrational nyob rau hauv cov qauv saum toj no, nws tsis yooj yim los siv nws ua ib qho kev siv rau qhov chaw ntawm lub voj voog. Txhawm rau ua kom yooj yim rau kev suav, kev tsim khoom, thiab kev tshuaj xyuas, qhov piv ntawm p / π yog txhais tau tias yog qee qhov txiaj ntsig yooj yim, thiab qhov piv no yog hu ua module, sawv cev los ntawm m.
05 Hom Kab Hlauv Tsav Tsheb
Raws li tus cab cab, cab iav tsav tuaj yeem muab faib ua cylindrical worm gear drives, toroidal worm gear drives, thiab conical worm gear drives. Ntawm lawv, cylindrical worm gear drives yog siv dav tshaj plaws. Ordinary cylindrical worm gears feem ntau yog siv rau ntawm lub tshuab dhos siv cov cuab yeej txiav nrog lub txiav ncaj. Nyob ntawm lub cuab yeej mounting txoj hauj lwm thiab hom cuab yeej siv, plaub hom cab iav nrog cov hniav sib txawv nyob rau hauv tus ntoo khaub lig-section perpendicular mus rau lub axis tuaj yeem tau: involute worm iav (ZI hom), Archimedean worm iav (ZA hom), ib txwm ncaj-profile worm iav (ZN), thiab concylindrical iav (ZN).
Involute worm iav (ZI hom) - Lub dav hlau txiav ntug yog tangent rau cov cab iav hauv lub tog raj kheej, thiab lub ntsej muag kawg ntawm cov hniav yog involute, haum rau kev ceev dua thiab lub zog loj dua.
Archimedean worm iav (ZA hom) - Cov hniav profile nyob rau hauv lub dav hlau perpendicular mus rau lub axis yog ib tug Archimedean kauv, thiab cov hniav profile nyob rau hauv lub dav hlau hla lub axis yog ib tug ncaj kab. Nws yooj yim los tsim tab sis muaj qhov tseeb qis dua (axial ncaj-profile cab iav).
Ib txwm ncaj-profile worm iav (ZN) - tuaj yeem ua hauv av nrog kev hloov kev sib tsoo, ua kev ua haujlwm yooj yim. Nws feem ntau yog siv rau ntau- pib cab iav, thiab kev sib kis tau zoo tuaj yeem ncav cuag 0.9.
Conical enveloping cylindrical worm gear (ZK) - Qhov no yog ib qho tsis yog -linear helical nto worm iav. Nws tsis tuaj yeem ua rau ntawm lub tshuab dhos thiab tuaj yeem tsuas yog milled ntawm lub tshuab milling thiab hauv av ntawm lub tshuab sib tsoo. Hom kab cab no yooj yim rau kev zom, ua rau muaj qhov tseeb dua, thiab nws daim ntawv thov tau nce zuj zus.
06 Ua Tshuab ntawm Hlau Kab Hlauv
1. Kev txiav txim siab cov khoom ntawm qhov khoob
⑴ Kev ua haujlwm zoo heev, ua rau lub ntsej muag zoo thiab qhov seem me me hauv kev ntxhov siab, nrog tsawg hnav ntawm cov cuab yeej txiav.
⑵ Tensile lub zog feem ntau tsis tsawg dua 588 MPa.
⑶ Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob zoo, zoo hardenability, tsis yooj yim rau quenching cov kab nrib pleb, cov qauv zoo ib yam, kev kho cua sov me me deformation, thiab muaj peev xwm tau txais cov tawv tawv siab, yog li ua kom cov hnav tsis kam thiab qhov ruaj khov ntawm cov iav iav.
⑷ Uniform hardness thiab metallographic qauv ua tau raws li cov qauv. Cov khoom siv feem ntau suav nrog: T10A, T12A, 45, 9Mn2V, CrMn, thiab lwm yam. Ntawm lawv, 9Mn2V muaj kev ua haujlwm zoo dua thiab ruaj khov, tab sis tsis zoo hardenability; nws qhov zoo dua yog qhov me me deformation tom qab kev kho cua sov, tsim rau kev tsim khoom siab - precision qhov chaw, tab sis nws yog qhov ua rau tawg, thiab muaj cov khoom sib tsoo tsis zoo. Qhov siab dua qhov hardness ntawm cov cab iav, qhov hnav ntau dua- tiv taus nws, tab sis nws nyuaj dua rau kev zom thaum tsim khoom. 2. Kev xaiv ntawm Machining Datum Surfaces
Worm iav datum nto: Structurely, cab iav tuaj nyob rau hauv ob daim ntawv: assembled worm gears thiab integral worm gears. Assembled cab iav siv lub puab bore li machining datum nto. Yog li ntawd, lub puab bore yuav tsum precision machined ua ntej, thiab ces cov txheej kab uas hla thiab kev txhawb nqa cov ntaub ntawv yog machined siv lub puab bore raws li lub datum nto. Cov xov machining kuj siv lub puab bore li datum nto, yog li yuav tsum tau ib tug mandrel. Feem ntau, lub puab bore raug ntawm precision indexing worm gears yog siab heev, thiab ib txhia xav tau kev sib tsoo kom raug.
Lub puab tsaig sab hauv ntawm - qhov tseeb indexing worm gears yuav tsum muaj qhov tseeb ntawm tsawg kawg yog qib 1, qhov roughness ntawm qhov tsawg kawg nkaus ntawm 0.12, thiab qhov kawg ntawm lub ntsej muag tsis pub tsawg dua 0.005 hli. Thaum machining tus cab iav ntawm ib lub mandrel, lub radial runout ntawm ob lub xub pwg nyom kawg yuav tsum tau kuaj xyuas ua ntej kom paub tseeb tias nws nyob rau hauv qhov kev kam rau ua. Qhov no yuav tsum tau kuaj xyuas ntawm txhua qhov txheej txheem tom ntej. Thaum lub sij hawm cab iav los ua ke, lub radial runout ntawm ob lub xub pwg nyom kawg yuav tsum tau kuaj xyuas. Qhov tseeb ntawm mandrel yuav tsum sib npaug los yog siab dua qhov tseeb ntawm cov ncej uas sib koom nrog cov khoom sib dhos ua ke.
Integral worm gears siv qhov chaw nruab nrab raws li lub machining datum nto. Cov kev cai rau qhov chaw nruab nrab yog siab heev; nws yuav tsum muaj ib tug taper los xyuas kom meej smoothness thiab kev sib cuag cheeb tsam. Lub qhov nruab nrab yuav tsum tau kuaj xyuas thiab kho ua ntej txhua tus txheej txheem. Cov ntawv xov xwm txhawb nqa yuav tsum xyuas kom muaj coaxiality nrog lub qhov nruab nrab thiab lawv tus kheej geometric raug. Ua ntej ib nrab- ua tiav thiab ua tiav cov txheej txheem, cov radial runout thiab axial runout ntawm cov ntawv xov xwm txhawb nqa yuav tsum raug kuaj xyuas kom ntseeg tau tias lawv nyob rau hauv siab ntev.
Thaum xaiv qhov ntxhib datum, qhov kev txiav txim siab tseem ceeb yog yuav ua li cas kom ntseeg tau tias txhua qhov chaw ua haujlwm muaj peev xwm ua haujlwm txaus, kom qhov ntev thiab txoj haujlwm ntawm qhov tsis siv neeg datum nto thiab lub tshuab ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua.
Kev xaiv ntawm cov ntxhib datum yuav tsum ua tau raws li cov hauv qab no:
(1) Cov ntxhib datum yuav tsum tau xaiv los ntawm lub tshuab ua haujlwm. Qhov no yog los xyuas kom meej qhov tseeb ntawm tus txheeb ze positional kev sib raug zoo ntawm lub machined nto thiab lub unmachined nto. Yog hais tias muaj ntau qhov chaw ntawm lub workpiece uas tsis tas yuav tsum tau machining, qhov saum npoo uas yuav tsum tau siab tshaj plaws rau cov txheeb ze qhov tseeb nrog lub machined nto yuav tsum tau xaiv raws li cov ntxhib datum. Qhov no yog los xyuas kom meej cov phab ntsa tuab, symmetrical zoo, thiab tsawg dua clamping ua haujlwm.
(2) Xaiv qhov chaw tseem ceeb nrog cov kev cai machining zoo li cov ntaub ntawv ntxhib.
(3) Qhov saum npoo nrog qhov tsawg tshaj plaws machining pub yuav tsum raug xaiv raws li qhov ntxhib datum. Qhov no ua kom pom tseeb tias qhov saum npoo muaj cov nyiaj machining txaus. (4) Ntau npaum li qhov ua tau, lub tiaj tus, du nto nrog thaj chaw loj txaus yuav tsum raug xaiv raws li cov ntaub ntawv ntxhib los xyuas kom meej qhov chaw thiab txhim khu kev qha clamping. Nto nrog lub rooj vag, risers, flash, los yog burrs yuav tsum tsis txhob xaiv raws li ntxhib datums; yog tias tsim nyog, ua ntej machining yuav tsum tau.
(5) Cov ntaub ntawv ntxhib yuav tsum raug zam los ntawm kev siv ntau zaus, vim hais tias feem ntau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ntxhib yog ntxhib thiab tsis sib xws, thiab rov siv dua ua rau nws nyuaj los lav qhov tseeb ntawm qhov chaw sab nrauv.
Raws li lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm ntxhib datum xaiv, clamping lub voj voog sab nrauv thiab machining feem ntau ntawm qhov chaw nyob rau hauv ib qho kev ua haujlwm clamping tuaj yeem ua kom lub coaxiality ntawm lub voj voog sab nrauv thiab sab hauv lub qhov, nrog rau qhov perpendicularity ntawm lub ntsej muag kawg rau lub axis.
Hlau worm Gear Machining txheej txheem
(1) Tsis yog- hardened assembled cab iav
Kev npaj cov khoom siv-Normalizing-Rough tig-(Tempering)-Semi-tiav txoj kab uas hla ntawm txheej txheej, ntxhib tig ntawm helical nto-Txoj kev laus-Tiav tiav (tiav sib tsoo) ntawm sab hauv 7}}Keyway{ txiav-Semi-Tiav tiav ntawm qhov chaw helical-Kev ua tiav (trimming tsis tiav cov hniav)-Semi- tiav kev sib tsoo ntawm sab nraud-Tiav sib tsoo ntawm helical nto-Tsawg-16} qhov kub thiab txias{16}L kev sib tsoo ntawm sab nraud-Tiav kev sib tsoo ntawm helical nto
(2) Carburized thiab hardened integral cab iav
Forging-Annealing-Rough tig-Normalizing-Semi-Tiav txoj kab uas hla ntawm sab nraud thiab helical nto-Filing (trimming tsis tiav cov hniav){6}}Carburizing-Tiav txoj kab uas hla ntawm sab nrauv (Quenching) uas tsis tas yuav tsum tau 8 (tshem tawm) tempering-Lapping ntawm qhov chaw nruab nrab-Tig ntawm fastening threads-Milling ntawm grooves-Semi-tiav kev sib tsoo ntawm sab nraud-Semi-tiav sib tsoo ntawm helical nto{{16}7}Lowper {8} lub qhov-Tiav kev sib tsoo ntawm lub nplhaib sab nraud thiab lub ntsej muag kawg-Tiav kev sib tsoo ntawm helical nto
Blanking: Raws li txoj cai, qhov khoob yuav tsum tau forged kom tau txais cov qauv hlau zoo.
Rough tig: Xyuas kom coaxiality thiab tawm ib qho nqi tsim nyog rau kev ua tiav.
Kev kho cua sov thiab kev kho cua sov HRC28-32, kev ua tiav ib nrab, txhua ntu tawm 0.5 hli rau kev ua tiav, cov kab iav ib feem thiab ob qhov kawg ntawm cov zawj nyem tau tig mus rau qhov xav tau tshwj xeeb, cab iav txiav, ntxhib txiav, txawm tias siv txheej txheej los yog txiav txoj kev, thiab lwm yam.
Ntsuas qhov nyiaj pub dawb ntawm qhov nruab nrab txoj kab uas hla, qhov semi- nyiaj txiav tiav muab lub hauv paus zoo rau kev ua kom tiav. Tsawg- yuav tsum tau ua kom nrawm nrawm ntawm tag nrho peb qhov chaw, thiab cov cuab yeej txiav yuav tsum tau ntse nrog cov ntug zoo roughness. Txhua qhov chaw yuav tsum ua tiav ib tus zuj zus. Precision tig ntawm tag nrho cov khoom yuav tsum tau ua kom ntseeg tau tias concentricity.
Ordinary cylindrical worm gears, thaum machined ntawm lub tshuab dhos uas siv txoj kab ncaj nraim, tuaj yeem muab faib ua Archimedean worm gears (ZA), involute worm gears (ZI), thiab ib txwm ncaj-profile worm gears (ZN), nyob ntawm qhov kev txiav cov cuab yeej mounting txoj hauj lwm. ZA Archimedean worm gears: Cov cuab yeej txiav lub dav hlau hla dhau ntawm cov iav iav axis, thiab cov iav iav hlais nrog lub kaum sab xis ntawm 2 =40℃muaj cov hniav ncaj ncaj hauv lub dav hlau axial, thiab cov seem ntawm cov hniav profile yog convex nkhaus. Cov hniav profile nkhaus ntawm lub ntsej muag kawg yog Archimedean kauv, yog li lub npe Archimedean worm iav. Hom cab iav no kuj yooj yim rau tshuab thiab ntsuas, yog li nws tau siv dav.
Txawm li cas los xij, machining yog qhov nyuaj thaum lub kaum sab xis txhuas loj dhau. Nws yog qhov nyuaj rau kev zom cov hniav kom raug nrog lub log sib tsoo, yog li qhov kev sib kis tau zoo thiab kev ua haujlwm tsawg. ZI suav nrog worm gears: Lub dav hlau txiav ntug ntawm cov cuab yeej txiav yog tangent rau lub hauv paus lub tog raj kheej ntawm cov cab iav. Qhov tshwm sim worm iav muaj qhov convex profile nkhaus nyob rau hauv lub dav hlau axial, thiab cov hniav profile ntawm lub ntsej muag kawg perpendicular mus rau axis yog ib qho nkhaus involute, li no lub npe involute worm iav. Hom kab cab no tuaj yeem ua rau hauv av, yog li nws muaj qhov sib kis tau zoo dua thiab ua haujlwm tau zoo, thiab tsim nyog rau ntau lawm thiab siab - zog, siab - ceev precision kis.
ZN ib txwm ncaj-profile worm gears: Thaum cov cab iav ua rau lub kaum ntse ntse loj, txhawm rau kom tau txais lub kaum ntse ntse tsim nyog thiab lub kaum sab xis rau cov cuab yeej txiav, cov cuab yeej txiav lub dav hlau tau muab tso rau ntawm lub dav hlau qub ntawm cov cab iav lub helix thaum lub sij hawm machining. Qhov tshwm sim worm iav muaj ib tug ncaj hniav profile nyob rau hauv ib txwm seem, li no lub npe ib txwm ncaj-profile worm iav. Cov hniav profile nkhaus ntawm qhov kawg lub ntsej muag perpendicular mus rau lub axis yog ib tug ncua involute nkhaus, li no nws kuj yog hu ua ib tug ncua involute worm iav. Hom cab iav no muaj kev ua haujlwm zoo dua qub, yog qhov tsim nyog rau kev ua haujlwm ntau - pib cab iav, thiab tuaj yeem ua hauv av nrog lub log sib tsoo. Nws yog feem ntau siv nyob rau hauv ntau -pib precision cab iav kis tau tus mob nyob rau hauv lub tshuab cuab yeej. Nrog rau kev nce qib ntawm cov cuab yeej technology thiab cov khoom yuav tsum tau, qhov kev xav tau ntawm kev txiav ceev ntxiv tau tshwm sim, thiab txoj kev tig tau ntsib ib lub raj mis, ua rau kev txhim kho ntawm cua daj cua dub milling. Txoj kev no siv cov cuab yeej tig tig los ua kom cov txiav ceev (txog 400 meters ib feeb), thaum lub workpiece tsis tas yuav tig ntawm kev kub ceev.
Muaj ob txoj hauv kev rau cov iav iav whirling: sab hauv whirling thiab sab nraud whirling.
Internal whirling: Lub workpiece circumference yog tangent rau cov cuab yeej txiav ncig sab hauv (cov cab iav nyob rau hauv lub taub hau cutter). Qhov tseeb tuaj yeem ncav cuag DIN7 Ra0.8.
Sab nraud whirling: Lub workpiece ncig yog tangent rau lub cuab yeej txiav ncig sab nraud (cov iav iav yog sab nraum lub taub hau cutter). Qhov tseeb tuaj yeem ncav cuag DIN6 Ra0.4.
