Kev kho hlau saum npoo yog hais txog cov txheej txheem uas siv cov txheej txheem niaj hnub hauv physics, chemistry, metallurgy, thiab kev kho cua sov los hloov kho qhov chaw thiab cov khoom ntawm cov khoom. Cov txheej txheem no yog tsom rau kev ua kom zoo ntawm kev sib xyaw ntawm cov khoom nto thiab cov khoom tseem ceeb kom ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua ntawm kev ua tau zoo.
Kev Ua Haujlwm ntawm Kev Kho Nto:
Txhim kho nto corrosion kuj thiab hnav tsis kam, qeeb qeeb, tshem tawm, thiab kho qhov hloov pauv thiab puas.
Muab cov ntaub ntawv zoo tib yam nrog cov chaw uas muaj cov haujlwm tshwj xeeb.
Txuag lub zog, txo cov nqi, thiab txhim kho kev cuam tshuam ib puag ncig.
Kev faib tawm ntawm Cov Txheej Txheem Kev Kho Hniav Hlau:
Surface Treatment: Txoj kev no suav nrog kev hloov kho cov khoom siv ntawm qhov chaw morphology, theem muaj pes tsawg leeg, microstructure, tsis xws luag, thiab lub xeev kev ntxhov siab los ntawm cov txheej txheem ntawm lub cev lossis tshuaj lom neeg, ua tiav cov khoom tsim nyog. Cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov khoom tseem tsis hloov.
Surface Modification Technology: Txoj kev no siv cov txheej txheem lub cev los qhia cov ntaub ntawv ntxiv rau hauv cov substrate, tsim cov txheej txheem alloyed kom ua tiav cov khoom uas xav tau.
Surface Alloying Technology: Cov txheej txheem no suav nrog kev siv tshuaj lom neeg los ua kom cov khoom siv ntxiv los ua rau lub substrate, tsim cov txheej txheem hloov pauv kom ua tiav cov yam ntxwv ntawm qhov xav tau.
Surface Conversion Coating Technology: Cov txheej txheem no suav nrog kev siv lub cev thiab cov txheej txheem tshuaj los tsim cov txheej txheem, xws li plating lossis txheej txheej, ntawm lub substrate kom ua tiav cov txheej txheem saum npoo uas yuav tsum tau ua, yam tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam cov substrate hauv txheej txheej.
I. Nto Hloov Kho Tshuab
Surface Hardening Surface hardening yog ib txoj kev kho cua sov uas cov hlau ntog nrawm nrawm rau austenite hloov pauv kub thiab tom qab ntawd quenched, tsis hloov cov hlau cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg lossis cov qauv tseem ceeb. Cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua kom tawv nqaij muaj xws li nplaim taws tawv thiab induction cua sov, siv cov cua sov xws li oxyacetylene lossis oxypropane nplaim taws.
Laser Surface Hardening Laser nto hardening yuav tsom mus rau ib tug laser beam rau saum npoo ntawm lub workpiece. Nyob rau hauv ib lub sij hawm luv luv, txheej txheej yog rhuab mus rau saum toj no nws transformation kub los yog melting point, ua raws li los ntawm ceev ceev txias. Cov txheej txheem no hardens thiab ntxiv dag zog rau saum npoo. Lub tshav kub cuam tshuam yog me me, deformation tsawg, thiab cov txheej txheem yog yooj yim rau kev khiav lag luam. Nws yog tsuas yog siv rau hauv cheeb tsam ntxiv dag zog ntawm cov khoom xws li stamping tuag, crankshafts, cams, camshafts, spline shafts, precision instrument rails, high-speed steel tools, gears, and engine cylinder liners.
Kev txhaj tshuaj Peening Kev txhaj tshuaj peening suav nrog kev tua ntau ntawm cov pellets siab ceev ntawm qhov chaw ua haujlwm, zoo ib yam li cov hammers me me tawm tsam cov hlau nto. Qhov no ua rau cov yas deformation nyob rau saum npoo thiab subsurface txheej, yog li ntxiv dag zog rau cov khoom. Cov txiaj ntsig: Ua kom muaj zog txhua yam, hnav tsis kam, qaug zog ua haujlwm, thiab tiv thaiv corrosion. Nws yog siv rau nto matt finishing, tshem tawm oxide nplai, thiab tshem tawm cov residual stresses nyob rau hauv castings, forgings, thiab welds.
Roller Burnishing Cov Menyuam Burnishing yuav tsum siv lub siab nrog cov menyuam tawv tawv los yog cov cuab yeej hlawv rau qhov chaw ua haujlwm sib hloov ntawm chav tsev kub, uas plastically deforms thiab hardens saum npoo kom ua tiav qhov du, polished, thiab ntxiv dag zog rau saum npoo nrog cov qauv tshwj xeeb. Daim ntaub ntawv: Haum rau cov khoom siv nrog cov duab yooj yim xws li cylindrical, conical, thiab tiaj tus.
Hlau Drawing Hlau kos duab yog hais txog kev quab yuam cov hlau los ntawm kev tuag nyob rau hauv sab nraud quab yuam, txo cov hlau hla ntu ntu kom ua tiav cov duab thiab qhov ntev. Cov hlau raug deformation thaum lub sijhawm txheej txheem no. Daim ntaub ntawv: Cov txheej txheem tuaj yeem tsim cov khoom sib txawv ntawm cov khoom sib txawv xws li cov kab ncaj nraim, cov qauv random, nthwv dej, thiab cov qauv muab kauv.
Polishing Polishing yog txheej txheej txheej txheej txheej txheej txheej txheej txheej txheej txheej txheej txheej txheej txheej txheej kom ua tiav qhov tiav. Thaum nws tsis txhim kho lossis tswj qhov tseeb qhov tseeb, nyob ntawm qhov kev ua haujlwm ua ntej, polished nto tuaj yeem ncav cuag Ra qhov tseem ceeb ntawm 1.6 μm rau 0.008 μm.
II. Surface Alloying Technologies
Chemical Surface Heat Treatment Surface alloying thev naus laus zis cov txheej txheem raug yog tshuaj kho cua sov. Nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem no, workpieces yog muab tso rau hauv ib tug tshwj xeeb nruab nrab thiab rhuab kom tso cai active atoms los ntawm nruab nrab mus rau hauv lub nto, hloov cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab cov qauv ntawm lub workpiece los txhim kho nws cov khoom.
Piv rau saum npoo hardening, chemical deg tshav kub kev kho mob tsis tsuas yog hloov qhov chaw microstructure tab sis kuj hloov cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg. Cov hom kev kho cua sov uas muaj xws li carburizing, nitriding, multi-element co-diffusion, thiab lwm hom kev kho mob diffusion. Cov txheej txheem kev kho cua sov tshuaj muaj peb theem tseem ceeb: decomposition, absorption, thiab diffusion.
Blackening: Qhov no yog ib qho txheej txheem uas cov hlau los yog cov hlau yog rhuab rau hauv cov pa cua los yog tshuaj lom neeg los tsim cov xim dub lossis xiav oxide zaj duab xis rau saum npoo. Cov txheej txheem no tseem hu ua "bluing."
Phosphating: Phosphating yuav immersing ib workpiece (ua los ntawm hlau, txhuas, los yog zinc) rau hauv ib tug phosphating tov, qhov twg crystalline phosphate hloov dua siab tshiab txheej rau saum npoo, uas yog insoluble nyob rau hauv dej.
Anodizing: Anodizing feem ntau yog hais txog cov txheej txheem anodizing rau txhuas thiab nws cov alloys. Nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem no, txhuas qhov chaw yog immersed nyob rau hauv ib tug acidic electrolyte da dej thiab raug rau ib tug hluav taws xob tam sim no. Qhov saum npoo tsim cov oxide txheej ruaj khov, uas muab kev tiv thaiv corrosion, zoo nkauj tiav, hluav taws xob rwb thaiv tsev, thiab hnav tsis kam. Daim ntaub ntawv: Feem ntau siv rau kev tiv thaiv kev kho mob ntawm tsheb thiab aerospace Cheebtsam, nrog rau kev kho kom zoo nkauj rau cov khoom siv hauv tsev thiab kho vajtse.
III. Nto Txheej Tshuab
Thermal Spraying Thermal spraying muaj cov cua sov los yog cov hlau tsis muaj hlau rau lawv lub xeev molten thiab siv cov cua compressed los tsuag rau hauv cov substrate. Qhov no tsim cov txheej txheem uas ruaj khov rau cov khoom siv hauv paus thiab muab cov khoom siv lub cev thiab tshuaj lom neeg, xws li hnav, corrosion, thiab kub tsis kam, nrog rau hluav taws xob rwb thaiv tsev. Daim Ntawv Thov: Siv thoob plaws ntau yam kev lag luam xws li aerospace, nuclear zog, hluav taws xob, thiab lwm yam.
Nqus Txheej Txheej Nqus txheej yog txheej txheem kho saum npoo uas cuam tshuam nrog kev tso cov hlau thiab cov hlau tsis yog hlau nyias ntawm cov substrates hauv lub tshuab nqus tsev los ntawm cov txheej txheem xws li evaporation lossis sputtering. Qhov zoo: Lub tshuab nqus tsev txheej tso cai rau cov txheej nyias nyias nrog adhesion zoo, ceev ceev, thiab kev sib kis tsawg.
Electroplating Electroplating yog txheej txheem electrochemical uas cov hlau tso rau hauv lub substrate los ntawm cov tshuaj uas muaj cov hlau ions. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv npib tsib xee plating, hlau workpiece yog immersed nyob rau hauv ib tug nickel ntsev tov (NiSO4) thiab raug rau ib tug ncaj tam sim no, ua rau cov nickel tso rau ntawm lub workpiece. Daim ntaub ntawv: Feem ntau siv rau ob qho tib si zoo nkauj thiab ua haujlwm txheej, xws li corrosion kuj thiab txhim kho cov khoom hnav.
Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) yog ib txoj hauv kev siv los tso cov yeeb yaj kiab nyias ntawm cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm kev qhia cov tshuaj gaseous uas decompose rau saum npoo ntawm substrate. Cov yeeb yaj kiab uas tau tshwm sim tuaj yeem yog xim hlau lossis cov txheej txheem sib xyaw, nyob ntawm seb hom deposition. Daim ntaub ntawv: CVD yog dav siv nyob rau hauv aerospace, automotive, electronics, thiab lub zog industries los tsim hnav-resistant, corrosion-resistant, kub-resistant, thiab hluav taws xob coatings.
Lub cev Vapor Deposition (PVD) PVD yog cov txheej txheem nqus tsev vacuum uas cov khoom vaporized rau hauv atomic lossis molecular daim ntawv thiab tom qab ntawd tso rau hauv substrate. Nws suav nrog cov txheej txheem xws li nqus evaporation, sputtering, thiab ion plating. PVD txheej yog paub txog lawv cov adhesion muaj zog, uniform thickness, thiab durability.
Daim ntaub ntawv: PVD txheej yog siv nyob rau hauv kev lag luam xws li machinery, aerospace, electronics, optics, thiab lub teeb kev lag luam los tsim nyias films nrog hnav, corrosion, tshav kub tsis kam, thiab lwm yam khoom tshwj xeeb xws li hluav taws xob conductivity, rwb thaiv tsev, thiab hlau nplaum.
