Muaj pes tsawg hom cam khwb cia hlau? Lawv siv dab tsi?

Cam khwb cia hlau yog cov hlau-carbon alloy nrog cov ntsiab lus carbon ntau dua 2.11% (feem ntau 2.5-4%). Nws yog cov khoom siv ntau yam nrog hlau, carbon, thiab silicon ua cov khoom tseem ceeb thiab muaj ntau cov impurities xws li manganese, sulfur, thiab phosphorus dua li carbon hlau. Qee lub sij hawm, txhawm rau txhim kho cov khoom siv hluav taws xob lossis lub cev thiab tshuaj lom neeg ntawm cov hlau cam khwb cia, qee qhov nyiaj ntawm cov ntsiab lus alloying tuaj yeem raug ntxiv kom tau cov hlau cam khwb cia hlau.

Classification ntawm cam khwb cia hlau:

I. Raws li cov ntawv sib txawv ntawm cov pa roj carbon monoxide hauv cov hlau cam khwb cia, cam khwb cia hlau tuaj yeem muab faib ua

1. Dawb cam khwb cia hlau carbon, tshwj tsis yog rau ib tug me me yaj nyob rau hauv ferrite, cov seem ntawm cov carbon muaj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cementite nyob rau hauv cam khwb cia hlau, thiab nws tawg yog silvery dawb, yog li nws yog hu ua dawb cam khwb cia hlau. Tam sim no, dawb cam khwb cia hlau yog tsuas yog siv los ua steelmaking raw khoom thiab dawb paug rau ua malleable cam khwb cia hlau.

2. Grey cam khwb cia hlau carbon muaj nyob rau hauv cam khwb cia hlau nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm flake graphite nyob rau hauv tag nrho los yog feem ntau ntawm cov cam khwb cia hlau, thiab nws puas yog tsaus grey, yog li nws yog hu ua grey cam khwb cia hlau.

3. Ib feem ntawm cov pa roj carbon monoxide cam khwb cia hlau muaj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm graphite, zoo ib yam li grey cam khwb cia hlau; lwm qhov muaj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm dawb cementite, zoo ib yam li dawb cam khwb cia hlau. Muaj cov dub thiab dawb pitting nyob rau hauv lub pob txha, yog li nws yog hu ua pitted cam khwb cia hlau. Hom cam khwb cia hlau no kuj nyuaj heev thiab nkig, yog li nws tsis tshua siv hauv kev lag luam.

2. Raws li cov ntaub ntawv sib txawv ntawm graphite hauv cam khwb cia hlau, cam khwb cia hlau tuaj yeem muab faib ua

1. Grey cam khwb cia hlau Cov graphite hauv cam khwb cia hlau muaj nyob rau hauv flakes.

2. Malleable cam khwb cia hlau Cov graphite hauv cam khwb cia hlau muaj nyob hauv pawg. Nws yog tau los ntawm annealing dawb cam khwb cia hlau ntawm ib tug tej yam muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm high kub rau ib ntev lub sij hawm. Nws cov khoom siv kho tshuab (tshwj xeeb yog toughness thiab plasticity) siab dua cov hlau cam khwb cia hlau, yog li nws feem ntau hu ua malleable cam khwb cia hlau.

3. Ductile cam khwb cia hlau Cov graphite hauv cam khwb cia hlau muaj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv kheej kheej. Nws yog tau tom qab spheroidization kev kho mob ua ntej pouring hlau molten. Hom cam khwb cia hlau no tsis tsuas yog muaj cov khoom siv ntau dua li cov hlau cam khwb cia grey thiab malleable cam khwb cia hlau, thiab nws cov txheej txheem tsim tau yooj yim dua li malleable cam khwb cia hlau, tab sis kuj tuaj yeem txhim kho ntxiv los ntawm kev kho cua sov. Yog li ntawd, nws daim ntawv thov nyob rau hauv ntau lawm yog ua ntau thiab ntau dua.

Kev siv ntau yam cam khwb cia hlau Dawb cam khwb cia hlau

Cov pa roj carbon nyob rau hauv cov hlau nrum dawb muaj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm infiltrated carbon (Fe3c), yog li cov pob txha yog ci dawb. Yog li ntawd, nws yog hu ua dawb cam khwb cia hlau. Vim tias muaj ntau qhov nyuaj thiab nkig Fe3c, dawb cam khwb cia hlau muaj siab hardness, siab brittleness, thiab nyuaj rau txheej txheem. Yog li ntawd, nws tsis tshua muaj siv ncaj qha rau hauv cov ntawv thov kev lag luam, thiab tsuas yog siv rau ob peb qhov chaw uas yuav tsum tau hnav tsis kam thiab tsis raug cuam tshuam, xws li hlau kos duab tuag, pob zeb pob hlau, thiab lwm yam. Feem ntau ntawm lawv yog siv los ua billets. rau steelmaking thiab malleable cam khwb cia hlau.

Grey cam khwb cia hlau

Feem ntau los yog tag nrho cov carbon nyob rau hauv cam khwb cia hlau muaj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm dawb flake graphite. Qhov tawg yog grey. Nws muaj kev ua haujlwm zoo casting, kev ua haujlwm zoo, kev sib txhuam, kev hnav zoo, thiab nws cov khoom xyaw melting yog yooj yim, tsis tshua muaj nqi, thiab dav siv nyob rau hauv kev tsim cov complex castings thiab hnav-resistant qhov chaw. Grey cam khwb cia hlau muab faib ua peb pawg raws li cov qauv matrix: ferrite-raws li grey cam khwb cia hlau, pearlite-ferrite-raws li grey cam khwb cia hlau thiab pearlite-raws li grey cam khwb cia hlau. Vim hais tias muaj flake graphite nyob rau hauv grey cam khwb cia hlau, thiab graphite yog ib feem nrog tsawg ntom, tsis muaj zog, tsis tshua muaj hardness, thiab yas thiab toughness mus zero. Nws lub neej yog zoo li ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm me me nyob rau hauv lub steel matrix, uas txo cov bearing cheeb tsam thiab tsub kom lub tawg qhov chaw. Yog li, grey cam khwb cia hlau tsis muaj zog thiab tsis zoo toughness thiab tsis tuaj yeem ua tiav los ntawm kev siab. Txhawm rau txhim kho nws qhov kev ua tau zoo, qee qhov nyiaj ntawm ferrosilicon, silicon calcium thiab lwm yam inoculants raug ntxiv rau cov hlau molten ua ntej pouring los kho cov pearlite matrix.

Malleable cam khwb cia hlau

Mallet cam khwb cia hlau yog ua los ntawm cov hlau-carbon alloy uas tsis tshua muaj carbon thiab silicon cov ntsiab lus rau hauv dawb cam khwb cia hlau blanks, thiab ces raug mus rau lub sij hawm ntev-temperature annealing kev kho mob kom decompose cementite rau hauv flocculent graphite. Forgeable hlau yog graphitized dawb cam khwb cia hlau. Malleable cam khwb cia hlau muab faib ua ob pawg raws li qhov sib txawv microstructures tom qab kev kho cua sov; ib qho yog blackheart malleable cam khwb cia hlau thiab pearlite malleable cam khwb cia hlau. Cov qauv ntawm blackheart malleable cam khwb cia hlau feem ntau yog ferrite (F) matrix + flocculent graphite; Cov qauv ntawm pearlite malleable cam khwb cia hlau feem ntau yog pearlite (P) matrix + flocculent graphite. Lwm qhov yog whiteheart malleable cam khwb cia hlau. Cov qauv ntawm whiteheart malleable cam khwb cia hlau yog txiav txim siab los ntawm tus ntoo khaub lig-sectional loj. Qhov me me cross-section yog raws li ferrite, thiab thaj tsam ntawm qhov loj hla ntu yog ferrite, thiab cov tub ntxhais yog pearlite thiab annealing carbon. Cov graphite ua zoo thiab sib npaug. Cov cam khwb cia hlau uas tau dhau qhov kev kho mob no yog hu ua inoculated cam khwb cia hlau.

Ductile cam khwb cia hlau

Ua ntej nchuav molten hlau (cov hlau nplaum), ib qho nyiaj ntawm spheroidizing tus neeg sawv cev (feem ntau yog ferrosilicon, magnesium, thiab lwm yam) yog ntxiv rau spheroidize cov graphite hauv cov cam khwb cia hlau. Txij li thaum carbon (graphite) muaj nyob rau hauv cov cam khwb cia hlau matrix nyob rau hauv spherical daim ntawv, nws tej nyhuv ntawm lub matrix yog kev txhim kho, thiab lub tensile lub zog, yield zog, plasticity thiab tej yam toughness ntawm cov hlau ductile yog zoo heev. Nws kuj muaj qhov zoo ntawm kev hnav tsis kam, kev poob siab, kev ua haujlwm zoo thiab tus nqi qis. Tam sim no nws tau dav hloov cov hlau cam khwb cia hlau thiab qee cov cam khwb cia hlau thiab forged steel qhov chaw, xws li crankshafts, txuas rods, rollers, tsheb rear qag, thiab lwm yam.