Qhov cuam tshuam toughness ntawm cov ntaub ntawv hlau yog hais txog lawv lub peev xwm los tiv thaiv kev puas tsuaj thiab rov qab deformation thaum raug cuam tshuam rau kev thauj khoom. Qhov ntsuas kev ua tau zoo no tseem ceeb heev rau kev siv cov khoom siv. Kev cuam tshuam toughness tsis tsuas yog qhia txog lub toughness thiab brittleness ntawm cov ntaub ntawv, tab sis kuj txiav txim siab lub durability thiab kev cia siab ntawm cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv dynamic loads. Muaj ntau ntau yam uas cuam tshuam rau qhov cuam tshuam ntawm cov khoom siv hlau, feem ntau suav nrog cov khoom ntawm cov khoom siv raw lawv tus kheej, kev taw qhia ntawm cov qauv, qhov ntsuas geometry thiab kev ua haujlwm zoo, qhov tseeb ntawm lub tshuab ntsuas, qhov sib txuam ntawm lub pendulum thiab cov khoom siv. thav duab, qhov ntsuas kub, qhov chaw ntawm qhov cuam tshuam cov qauv, thiab lwm yam Cov hauv qab no yog cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws ntawm cov yam ntxwv no.
1. Cov khoom ntawm raw cov ntaub ntawv lawv tus kheej
Cov kev cuam tshuam toughness ntawm cov ntaub ntawv hlau yog ze ze rau lawv tus kheej metallographic qauv, tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg, lub cev muaj zog, ua technology thiab kev kho cua sov txheej txheem. Piv txwv li, cov tshuaj lom neeg muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov hlau, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov ntsiab lus xws li carbon (C), phosphorus (P), thiab sulfur (S), feem ntau ua rau txo qis qhov cuam tshuam ntawm cov khoom thaum lawv cov ntsiab lus nce. Qhov no yog vim hais tias cov ntsiab lus no nquag tsim cov theem nkig los yog kev koom nrog hauv cov khoom, ua rau kom muaj kev ntxhov siab, thiab txo qhov toughness ntawm cov khoom. Ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, cov ntsiab lus xws li manganese (Mn) thiab npib tsib xee (Ni) tuaj yeem txhim kho qhov tawv tawv ntawm cov khoom hauv qee qhov ntau. Mn tuaj yeem kho cov nplej thiab tiv thaiv cov nag lossis daus ntawm carbides raws li thaj tsam ntawm cov nplej, thaum Ni tuaj yeem ua kom lub zog ua txhaum ntawm ferrite thiab txhawb kev hla hla ntawm kev sib cais, tag nrho cov uas pab txhim kho cov tawv tawv ntawm cov hlau.
Tsis tas li ntawd, cov theem muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov ntaub ntawv hlau kuj tseem muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau lawv cov toughness. Ferrite yog ib theem uas tsis muaj zog, zoo plasticity thiab toughness. Qhov siab dua nws cov ntsiab lus, qhov zoo dua qhov cuam tshuam toughness ntawm cov khoom feem ntau yog. Ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, lub network ntawm carbides yuav deteriorate lub toughness ntawm cov khoom. Qhov ntau nws cov naj npawb, qhov cuam tshuam rau qhov toughness ntawm cov khoom. Yog li, los ntawm kev kho cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab cov txheej txheem kho cua sov ntawm cov khoom, cov theem muaj pes tsawg leeg tuaj yeem tswj tau, thiab tom qab ntawd qhov cuam tshuam toughness ntawm cov khoom tuaj yeem ua kom zoo dua.
2. Kev taw qhia ntawm tus qauv
Kev taw qhia ntawm cov ntaub ntawv hlau cuam tshuam rau lawv cov khoom siv kho tshuab, suav nrog toughness. Hauv kev tsim khoom tiag tiag thiab kev siv engineering, feem ntau cov ntaub ntawv hlau yog dov. Thaum lub sij hawm dov txheej txheem, hlau inclusions yog elongated raws lub ntsiab deformation kev taw qhia nrog rau cov hlau nplej los ua hlau fiber ntaub so ntswg, uas cuam tshuam rau tej yam toughness ntawm cov khoom hlau. Yog li ntawd, piv txwv raws li cov kev taw qhia dov, uas yog, qhov ntev axis ntawm cov qauv yog sib npaug rau cov kev taw qhia dov, thiab cov thais yog qhib perpendicular mus rau dov kev taw qhia, qhov cuam tshuam toughness tau los ntawm cov qauv yog loj dua; ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, piv txwv perpendicular mus rau dov kev taw qhia thiab notching raws lub dov kev taw qhia, qhov cuam tshuam toughness tau los ntawm cov qauv me me.
3. Notch geometry thiab kev ua haujlwm zoo
Lub geometry thiab kev ua haujlwm zoo ntawm qhov thais muaj qhov cuam tshuam tseem ceeb rau kev cuam tshuam toughness ntawm cov khoom. Raws li GB/T 229-2007 tus qauv, qhov taw qhia feem ntau muab faib ua U-hom thiab V-hom. Piv nrog U-type notches, V-hom notches muaj ntau cov kev ntxhov siab, yog li lawv cov kev cuam tshuam toughness feem ntau qis dua. Rau tib cov khoom siv hlau, qhov cuam tshuam ntawm cov khoom tsis zoo yog qhov me dua li cov qauv uas tsis tau sau tseg, vim tias cov ntawv txiav yuav ua rau muaj kev ntxhov siab, yog li txo qhov toughness ntawm cov khoom. Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev ntxhov siab ntawm qhov kev cuam tshuam cov qauv yog los ntawm loj mus rau me me, nyob rau hauv kev txiav txim ntawm I-type, V-type, U-type, thiab semicircular impact specimens.
Tsis tas li ntawd, kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo kuj yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas cuam tshuam rau kev cuam tshuam toughness. Kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo feem ntau cuam tshuam rau qhov cuam tshuam ntawm cov khoom siv los ntawm kev cuam tshuam cov concentration ntawm kev ntxhov siab thiab lim nyob ze ntawm qhov ntsuas. Cov kev tshawb fawb tau pom tias qhov cuam tshuam toughness txo nrog qhov nce ntawm qhov tob tob ntawm qhov cuam tshuam cov qauv, thiab qhov cuam tshuam toughness ntawm cov ntaub ntawv hlau nce nrog qhov nce ntawm qhov tob hauv paus vojvoog; Qhov cuam tshuam toughness txo qis nrog qhov nce ntawm kev ua cov khawb thiab hardening degree nyob rau hauv qab ntawm qhov thais. Yog li, qhov cuam tshuam cov qauv yuav tsum tau ua tiav nruj me ntsis raws li cov kev cai ntawm qhov loj me ntawm qhov cuam tshuam cov qauv hauv GB / T 229-2007.
4. Qhov tseeb ntawm lub tshuab kuaj thiab kev sib koom ua ke ntawm lub pendulum thiab cov ncej
Qhov cuam tshuam toughness ntawm cov ntaub ntawv hlau muaj qee qhov yuav tsum tau ua ntawm qhov tseeb ntawm qhov cuam tshuam kev kuaj tshuab. Lub tshuab kuaj nrog qhov tseeb qis muaj qhov cuam tshuam ntau dua rau kev cuam tshuam toughness. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov cuam tshuam toughness kuj muaj feem xyuam rau qhov yuam kev ntawm kev nyeem ntawv ntawm lub tshuab kuaj qhov cuam tshuam, yog li kev ua haujlwm zeroing yuav tsum tau ua ua ntej kev xeem.
Kev sib koom tes ntawm lub pendulum thiab tus ncej kuj tseem ceeb heev. Qhov kev ntsuam xyuas qhov cuam tshuam yog ib qho kev sim ua kom puas tsuaj ib zaug, yog li kev sib koom tes ntawm lub pendulum thiab cov ncej yuav tsum yog qhov tseeb. Qhov no suav nrog parallelism ntawm lub pendulum axis thiab lub dav hlau siv, qhov sib luag ntawm lub pendulum sab thiab lub dav hlau viav vias, lub radial thiab axial clearance ntawm lub pendulum ncej, qhov kev ncua deb ntawm lub pendulum ncej axis mus rau lub striking center, tus txheeb ze txoj hauj lwm. qhov cuam tshuam hniav thiab kev txhawb nqa, thiab lwm yam, txhua yam yuav tsum ua kom tau raws li cov qauv tsim nyog. Thaum qhov chaw txheeb ze ntawm qhov cuam tshuam hniav thiab qhov nruab nrab ntawm qhov kev txhawb nqa tsis tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua, qhov cuam tshuam hniav thiab cov kab nruab nrab ntawm qhov ntsuas qhov ntsuas tsis tuaj yeem sib npaug, ua rau qhov ntsuas tsis raug thiab qhov cuam tshuam loj dua.
5. Kev ntsuas kub
Kev ntsuas kub kuj yog ib qho tseem ceeb cuam tshuam rau kev cuam tshuam toughness ntawm cov ntaub ntawv. Thaum lub sij hawm qhov kev ntsuam xyuas toughness, qhov ntsuas kub ntawm qhov chaw tawg ntawm cov khoom raug pom, thiab nws tuaj yeem tswj tau thaum siv kom tsis txhob muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm qhov kub thiab txias ntawm cov khoom siv. Cov khoom siv hlau tsis sib txawv muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, tab sis qhov cuam tshuam nqus lub zog muaj feem xyuam rau qhov ntsuas kub, qhov kub thiab txias uniformity, thiab lub sij hawm rwb thaiv tsev. Raws li qhov kub thiab txias, qhov cuam tshuam toughness ntawm cov khoom feem ntau txo qis. Qhov no yog vim hais tias cov yas deformation muaj peev xwm ntawm cov khoom txo qis ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, thiab qhov tawg nrawm nrawm nrawm, ua rau txo cov tawv nqaij.
6. Qhov chaw ntawm qhov cuam tshuam
Qhov chaw ntawm qhov cuam tshuam cov qauv yog los xyuas kom meej tias cov kab nruab nrab ntawm qhov thais ntawm qhov cuam tshuam cov qauv coincides nrog cov hniav cuam tshuam ntawm lub pendulum kom txo qhov kev ua haujlwm yuam kev. Yog tias lawv txoj haujlwm txheeb ze tsis sib haum thiab tsis tuaj yeem ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua 0.5mm, qhov siab tshaj plaws kev quab yuam tsis tuaj yeem ua rau ntawm qhov tsawg kawg nkaus ntu ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm qhov ntsuas ntawm qhov cuam tshuam, uas thaum kawg ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam loj dua. .
7. Lwm yam
Ntxiv nrog rau cov xwm txheej saum toj no, qhov tsis xws luag sab hauv thiab impurities ntawm cov ntaub ntawv hlau kuj tseem cuam tshuam rau lawv cov kev cuam tshuam toughness. Qhov tsis xws luag thiab impurities yuav ua rau muaj kev ntxhov siab ntau ntxiv thiab txo qhov toughness ntawm cov khoom. Piv txwv li, sab hauv tsis xws luag xws li inclusions thiab npuas yuav ua rau tawg pib thiab nthuav, yog li txo qhov cuam tshuam toughness ntawm cov khoom. Txhawm rau txo qhov cuam tshuam ntawm qhov tsis xws luag thiab impurities ntawm lub toughness ntawm cov khoom, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum nruj me ntsis tswj qhov zoo ntawm cov ntaub ntawv raw thiab cov txheej txheem ntau lawm thaum lub sij hawm npaj khoom thiab ua.
Xaus
Cov yam tseem ceeb uas cuam tshuam rau qhov cuam tshuam ntawm cov khoom siv hlau muaj ntau qhov sib txawv, suav nrog cov khoom ntawm cov khoom siv raw lawv tus kheej, kev taw qhia ntawm cov qauv, qhov ntsuas geometry thiab kev ua haujlwm zoo, qhov tseeb ntawm lub tshuab ntsuas, kev sib koom tes ntawm lub pendulum thiab tus ncej. , qhov ntsuas kub, qhov chaw ntawm qhov cuam tshuam cov qauv, thiab lwm yam Los ntawm kev xav txog cov yam tseem ceeb no thiab siv cov kev ntsuas zoo sib xws, qhov cuam tshuam toughness ntawm cov ntaub ntawv hlau tuaj yeem txhim kho tau zoo kom ua tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm ntau yam kev siv hauv kev lag luam. Hauv kev siv tswv yim, nws yuav tsum xaiv cov ntaub ntawv tsim nyog thiab cov txheej txheem raws li cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov kev mob ntawm kev siv los xyuas kom meej tias qhov cuam tshuam toughness ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ua tau raws li cov qauv tsim.
