Nruam casting yog ib qho kev tshaj tawm casting. Nws lub hauv paus ntsiab lus yog kom tsis tu ncua ncuav molten hlau rau hauv cov pwm tshwj xeeb hlau hu ua crystallizer. Lub solidified (crusted) castings yog txuas ntxiv nchuav los ntawm lwm qhov kawg ntawm crystallizer. Rub tawm, nws tuaj yeem tau txais castings ntawm txhua qhov ntev lossis qhov ntev tshwj xeeb. Txoj kev loj hlob ntawm kev nruam casting yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau kev txhim kho cov txheej txheem ntawm kuv lub teb chaws kev lag luam metallurgical. Nws yuav pib hloov cov kev ua haujlwm qis thiab kev siv cov khoom siv hlau ntau hauv kuv lub teb chaws thiab txhawb kev tsim cov khoom tsim hauv kev coj ua. Txoj kev loj hlob ntawm kev nruam casting technologies xws li ze-net-zoo li nruam casting, ib qho siv lead ua nruam casting, high-efficiency nruam casting, thiab kub them ntawm nruam casting slabs yuav ua tau heev thiab yuav tsav txoj kev loj hlob ntawm ib tug series ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tshiab. .
Nruam casting tau dav siv nyob rau hauv tsev thiab txawv teb chaws, xws li nruam nruam casting ntawm ingots (steel los yog non-ferrous hlau ingots), nruam casting ntawm kav, thiab lwm yam. Nruam casting muaj cov nram qab no zoo piv nrog zoo tib yam casting:
1. Vim hais tias cov hlau yog txias sai, crystallization yog ntom, cov qauv yog uniform, thiab txhua yam khoom zoo;
2. Thaum lub sij hawm nruam casting, tsis muaj riser ntawm lub rooj vag system ntawm lub casting, yog li tsis tas yuav tsum tau txiav lub taub hau thiab tus Tsov tus tw ntawm lub nruam ingot thaum dov, uas txuag hlau thiab tsub kom lub yield;
3. Cov txheej txheem yog yooj yim thiab ua qauv thiab lwm yam txheej txheem raug tshem tawm, yog li txo kev siv zog; qhov xav tau ntau lawm cheeb tsam kuj txo qis heev;
4. Nruam casting ntau lawm yog ib qho yooj yim mus cuag mechanization thiab automation, thiab nruam casting thiab dov kuj yuav ua tau tiav thaum lub sij hawm ingot casting, uas zoo heev txhim kho efficiency ntau lawm.
Lub tswv yim ntawm cov kua hlau nruam casting tau npaj siab thaum ntxov li ntawm nruab nrab -19 xyoo pua. Xyoo 1840, Tus Neeg Muag Khoom tau thov rau daim ntawv pov thawj rau kev nruam ingot txhuas yeeb nkab casting hauv Tebchaws Meskas. 1846 Besseme: Cov nplooj ntawv Tin, cov ntawv txhuas thiab cov ntawv iav yog tsim los ntawm cov dej txias, tig ntxaib-cov menyuam caster. Tom qab ntawd, lub tswv yim ntawm kev nruam casting nyob rau hauv ib tug txav pwm thiab ntsug nruam casting txoj kev ntawm ntsug casting kuj tau npaj. Nyob rau hauv 1933, tus pioneer ntawm nruam casting, German Junghans, siv ib tug ntsug nruam casting tshuab nrog ib tug vibrating crystallizer. Nws thawj zaug ua tiav hauv casting tooj liab thiab txhuas alloys, uas ua rau kev nruam nruam ntawm cov hlau tsis muaj hlau siv rau hauv kev tsim khoom thaum ntxov li xyoo 1930. Nyob rau xyoo 1940, Junghans tau tsim thawj qhov kev sim nruam nruam tshuab rau cov hlau molten. Nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd, kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov thev naus laus zis xws li vibrating dej-txias crystallizers, immersed nozzles, thiab kev tiv thaiv pouring twb pib, nteg lub hauv paus rau niaj hnub nruam casting tshuab. Tom qab ntawd, qhov nruab nrab ntawm kev sim nruam casting tshuab tau tsim nyob rau hauv Tebchaws Meskas, United Kingdom, Austria, Nyiv thiab lwm lub tebchaws. Nyob rau xyoo 1950, kev siv tshuab nruam nruam tseem nyob rau theem kev sim ua lag luam. Nyob rau xyoo 1960, nruam nruam nkag mus rau theem ntawm kev lag luam daim ntawv thov, thiab ntau yam khoom siv nruam nruam tuaj tawm ib tom qab. Nyob rau xyoo 1970, kev siv tshuab nruam nruam tsim tau sai heev nyob rau hauv lub siab ntawm lub zog txwv. Nyob rau xyoo 1980, kev siv tshuab nruam nruam los ua cov cuab yeej paub tab thiab tau siv dav hauv kev lag luam metallurgical. Hauv xyoo 1990, kev siv tshuab nruam nruam tsim tawm lub kiv puag ncig tshiab. Ntau yam tshiab nruam casting technologies tau npaj ua tiav, thiab qee qhov ntawm lawv twb nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob thiab sim ntau lawm theem.
Nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov thiab ib nrab-lub sij hawm kev loj hlob txheej txheem ntawm nruam casting, qhov ua kom zoo tshaj plaws thiab kev loj hlob ntawm kev nruam casting cov cuab yeej thiab technology yog inseparable los ntawm qhov tshwm sim ntawm ntau yam tshiab technologies. Cov neeg sawv cev thev naus laus zis suav nrog: (1) Kev hloov pauv sai sai tundish; (2) Multi-furnace nruam casting tshuab siv ib lub rooj teb rooj; (3) Online pwm dav hloov tshuab; (4) Multi-point dabtsi yog khoov thiab straightening tshuab; (5) Crystallizer kua theem tswj thiab steel breakage twv ua ntej tshuab; (6) Oxidation-free pouring tshuab; (7) Compression pouring tshuab; (8) Lub teeb txo kev siv tshuab; (9) Khoos phis tawj tswj tsis siv neeg thev naus laus zis; (10) Gas - Dej txias, electromagnetic stirring daim ntaub ntawv, thiab lwm yam.
Peb lub teb chaws pib kuj ntxov nyob rau hauv nruam casting technology. Xyoo 1957, thawj qhov kev sim tshuab casting tau tsim thiab tsim ntawm Shanghai Hlau thiab Hlau Tuam Txhab; Thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo tom ntej, thawj cov khoom ntsug nruam casting tshuab tau muab tso rau hauv kev tsim khoom ntawm No. 3 Chongqing Hlau thiab Hlau Cog. Tom qab xyoo 1960, kev txhim kho thiab kev siv thev naus laus zis thev naus laus zis hauv Suav teb tau teeb tsa kev nce siab, tau hais los ntawm kev txhim kho arc-shaped nruam casting tshuab. Txawm li cas los xij, ua ntej xyoo 1980, vim tsis muaj kev sib pauv kev sib pauv nrog txawv teb chaws thiab tsis muaj peev xwm kawm tau los ntawm cov thev naus laus zis txawv teb chaws raws sijhawm thiab ua tau zoo, qhov sib txawv ntawm kuv lub teb chaws kev nruam casting tshuab qib thiab txawv teb chaws tau nthuav dav. Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab mus rau lig 1980s, lub teb chaws txuas nrog tseem ceeb heev rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm nruam casting technology. Nyob rau hauv 1988, thawj lub teb chaws nruam casting ua hauj lwm lub rooj sib tham tau tuav, uas thawj zaug tau npaj cov txheej txheem ntau lawm technology rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm nruam casting, qhia meej lub tswv yim kev xav ntawm vigorously tsim nruam casting, thiab los ua ib tug tig point nyob rau hauv accelerating txoj kev loj hlob. nruam casting.
Txij li thaum xyoo 1989, kev loj hlob hauv kev nruam casting billet ntau lawm tau dhau los ua ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm Tuam Tshoj txoj kev loj hlob steel. Txij li thaum xyoo 1994, kev loj hlob ntawm kev nruam casting billet ntau lawm tau tshaj qhov kev loj hlob ntawm steel ntau lawm, tsav txoj kev loj hlob sai ntawm Tuam Tshoj cov hlau ntau lawm. Nyob rau hauv 1998, qhov nruam casting piv ntawm Tuam Tshoj txoj kev lag luam steel mus txog 67%
